a concern i put to john castil o oni. he is president and ceo of the pharmaceutical research and manufacturers of america, which represents and lob boys on behalf of drug manufacturers. do you know of any studies that actually show people taking narcotics for longer periods of time, other than that would be associated with end of life care or terminal cancer and having positive, consistent results? >> we do know the feedback we get from patients and physicians and is where parents are able to manage pain, with their physician, they are able to manage their chronic and acute pain, they have better lifestyles. they have a more robust life. >> but remember, there is no good scientific data on the effects of long-term use of high-dose opioids. do you think we prescribe too many pain medications in this country? >> i can't answer that. that has to be a decision between patients and their doctors. >> are these medications addictive or not? >> narcotics? everything i know is that they are if they are misused. if they are used pr